Bilateral Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis following bilateral simultaneous cataract surgery

A bilateral simultaneous cataract surgery (BSCS) was performed on a 67-year-old man. The surgeon had not changed the surgical settings in between the two procedures for the two eyes. The patient developed fulminant bilateral endophthalmitis a day following the BSCS. Intravitreal culture grew Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The source of infection was not found. Immediate bilateral vitrectomy and intravitreal, subconjunctival, topical and systemic antibiotic did not save the eyes. Patient ended up with bilateral visual loss

Stem Cell Therapy in Stargardt Disease: A Systematic Review

Abstract This article aimed to review current literature on the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy in Stargardt disease. A comprehensive literature search was performed, and two animal and eleven human clinical trials were retrieved. These studies utilized different kinds of stem cells, including human or mouse embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, bone marrow mononuclear fraction, and autologous bone marrow-derived stem cells. In addition, different injection techniques including subretinal, intravitreal, and suprachoroidal space injections have been evaluated. Although stem cell therapy holds promise in improving visual function in patients with Stargardt disease, further investigation is needed to determine the long-term benefits, safety, and efficacy in determining the best delivery method and selecting the most appropriate stem cell type

Ruthenium-106 plaque radiotherapy for uveal melanoma: analysis of tumor dimension and location on anatomical and functional results

Abstract Background To report the long-term outcomes of Ru-106 plaque radiotherapy in eyes with uveal melanoma (UM) and to assess the effect of tumor thickness and location on final outcomes. Methods Medical records of 234 patients undergoing Ru-106 plaque radiotherapy for UM were reviewed, and the visual outcome, globe preservation, and patient survival were evaluated. The results of 2 groups were compared: 1. between thin (small and medium-sized, thickness  12 mm, 109 eyes [46.6%]) and medium/small (LBD ≤ 12 mm, 125 eyes [53.4%]). In addition, a comparison of the juxtapapillary location in 46 eyes (19.7%) versus tumors arising elsewhere and between tumors with and without ciliary involvement in 48 eyes (21.5%) were done. Results The patients were followed for a median of 54.2 months (range: 6–194.5 months). After adjusting for baseline visual acuity (VA), there was no significant association between final VA and different dimension and tumor location groups. Final globe preservation was 91.9%, and there was no significant difference between different dimension- and ciliary body involvement groups regarding anatomical success rate. The juxtapapillary tumors had lower globe preservation (80.4% vs .94.7%, p = 0.002). The hazard ratio (HR) for enucleation in juxtapapillary tumors was HR = 6.58 (95-CI: 3.84 to 11.21). The overall metastasis rate was 6.8%, with no significant difference in juxtapapillary tumors (4.3% vs.7.4%, p = 0.455). Conclusions Ru-106 plaque radiotherapy is an effective treatment for thick and large UM. With this type of treatment, the globe preservation rate is lower in juxtapapillary tumors, but there is no significant difference in the metastasis rate

Enucleation and evisceration:indications, complications and clinicopathological correlations

AIM:To assess main indications, postoperative complications and clinicopathological correlation of ocular enucleation-evisceration.METHODS: A total of 107 subjects who underwent enucleation and/or evisceration and received hydroxyapatite implants (Scleral wrap or mesh) were assessed. For each patient clinicopathological data was collected which included demographic information, clinical history, primary clinical diagnosis, main cause of ophthalmic surgery (traumatic, non-traumatic), type of surgical procedure (enucleation, evisceration) and pathological report. Patients’ postoperative clinical visits were checked for procedure-related complications during first year after surgery.RESULTS:One hundred and seven patients (male:65.4%; mean age:26y) underwent enucleation (n=100) or evisceration (n=7) due to traumatic (n=41) and non-traumatic (n=66) causes. Disfiguring painful blind eye was the most common indication of surgery (66.4%), followed by leukocoria (19.6%) and endophthalmitis (4.7%). The main types of injury included firecracker, traffic and work accidents, and sharp object perforating injury. In 53 (80.3%) subjects in non-traumatic group the initial clinical diagnosis matched the histopathological results. Malignant tumors (retinoblastoma:47.5%, malignant melanoma:27.3%) were the most common pathological diagnoses followed by phthisis bulbi (25.8%). The most common procedure-related complications were major eye discharge (39.6%), and implant exposure and discharge (20.8%).CONCLUSION: Trauma and malignant tumors are the leading causes of enucleation-evisceration. Despite developing new techniques and materials, enucleation is still associated with considerable postoperative complications

Semi-supervised segmentation of retinoblastoma tumors in fundus images

Abstract Retinoblastoma is a rare form of cancer that predominantly affects young children as the primary intraocular malignancy. Studies conducted in developed and some developing countries have revealed that early detection can successfully cure over 90% of children with retinoblastoma. An unusual white reflection in the pupil is the most common presenting symptom. Depending on the tumor size, shape, and location, medical experts may opt for different approaches and treatments, with the results varying significantly due to the high reliance on prior knowledge and experience. This study aims to present a model based on semi-supervised machine learning that will yield segmentation results comparable to those achieved by medical experts. First, the Gaussian mixture model is utilized to detect abnormalities in approximately 4200 fundus images. Due to the high computational cost of this process, the results of this approach are then used to train a cost-effective model for the same purpose. The proposed model demonstrated promising results in extracting highly detailed boundaries in fundus images. Using the Sørensen–Dice coefficient as the comparison metric for segmentation tasks, an average accuracy of 93% on evaluation data was achieved